The tree

Lynn Derrick Luwinski Documented

Living

Named only. No dates, no age, nothing that could be worked backwards into one — the archive's standing rule for anyone alive.

Leonard Aubrey Robert Wear Inferred

b. 1917, Hitchin · d. 1973 or 1979

Hitchin → Johannesburg

THE WEAKEST LINK ON THE TREE, AND THE MOST IMPORTANT. The DNA proves descent from Henry Robert Wear and Martha Maud Castle as a couple — 253 cM in twelve regions no Castle cousin shares. The birth index gives that couple two sons: one thirty-one in June 1948 and one eleven. NO DOCUMENT YET NAMES LEONARD AS ANYBODY'S FATHER. His death year is itself unresolved: 1973 has failed three separate tests and 1979 rests on a single transcription.

Ivone de Figueiredo Documented

b. 4 March 1922, Lourenço Marques · d. 14 March 2010, Vila Nova de Gaia

Mozambique → Johannesburg → Portugal

Recorded under six spellings of her maiden surname, three forenames and five married names. Married Johannes Antonie Oelofse de Witt (Feb 1948), Kurt Luwinski (June 1948) and Morris Isaac Salkow (Feb 1953).

Kurt Israel Luwinski Ruled out

b. 11 May 1912 · d. 15 December 1968, Johannesburg

East Prussia → Johannesburg

Ivone's husband when Derrick was born, and NOT HIS BIOLOGICAL FATHER. EXCLUDED TWICE OVER BY DNA: 0.0% Ashkenazi where a quarter would be required, and a Y haplogroup, R-S11477, that is North Sea rather than Ashkenazi. *** AND HE IS THE MAN WHO RAISED HIM — told to this archive by the family on 28 September 2026. *** He stays on the tree not because he is the reason the question was asked, which is how this entry used to end, but because he brought the child up and gave him the name. Died at Johannesburg, 15 December 1968.

Henry Robert Wear Documented

b. Q3 1889, St Olave Bermondsey · d. 11 September 1969, Johannesburg

Bermondsey → Watford → Hitchin → Johannesburg

Birth index vol 1D p230. Hertfordshire Regiment, service no. 3010. Sailed London–Cape on the Durban Castle, 5 April 1939, occupation machine minder. Buried West Park.

Martha Maud Castle Documented

b. 21 July 1895, Baldock · d. 16 March 1986, Johannesburg

Baldock → Letchworth → Johannesburg

Baptised at Baldock 22 September 1895. Married Henry Robert Wear at Hitchin in October 1914. Sailed London–Durban on the Dunvegan Castle, 10 August 1939, with four children. Buried West Park. HER EXACT DATE OF BIRTH CAME FROM a second-cousin match'S TREE ON 16 SEPTEMBER 2026 — this archive had only the year.

Joaquim Júlio de Figueiredo × Leónia dos Santos Mota Documented

both of Santa Comba Dão, Viseu · out to Mozambique before 1922

Vimieiro and Negozela → Lourenço Marques

ANSWERED 27 SEPTEMBER 2026, AND NOT BY AN INDEX. Their surnames were known from the 1948 divorce file — she is recorded as born MOTA FIGUEIREDO — but not their given names, and this was the oldest unsolved question in the archive. Her own BIRTH REGISTRATION and DEATH CERTIFICATE, photographed from the family's papers and supplied by Derrick, name them outright: JOAQUIM JÚLIO DE FIGUEIREDO and LEÓNIA DOS SANTOS MOTA, of the parishes of Vimieiro and Negozela in Santa Comba Dão, Viseu — with all four grandparents besides. The two documents disagree between MATA and MOTA, which is the one thing still open.

Robert Wear Documented

b. c. 1859, Bermondsey · d. Q1 1890, St Olave Southwark, aged 31

Bermondsey

Married Emma Hawkins Q4 1881, St Olave Southwark, vol 1D p455. Died vol 1D p141 — six months after his son was born. The boy never knew him.

Emma Hawkins Documented

b. 7 February 1859, Aldenham · d. Q2 1944, Hitchin, aged 85

Aldenham → London → Watford

A widow at thirty-two and TWICE WIDOWED BY 1939. Robert Wear died in 1890; by 1891 she had taken her three children home to her brother's house at Watford. She then married JOHN HULL, a railway labourer, and had two more children, ALBERT J in 1895 and EDITH M in 1897 — so Henry Robert was raised from about four by a stepfather. AND SHE OUTLIVED THAT HUSBAND TOO. The 1939 Register finds her at 63 PIX ROAD, LETCHWORTH, aged eighty, WIDOWED, and INCAPACITATED — BLIND, living with her daughter Louisa and son-in-law William Shenton. HER SON HENRY ROBERT HAD RAISED HIS OWN SIX CHILDREN AT 72 PIX ROAD, THE SAME STREET. Her exact date of birth comes from that register, which is a woman of eighty giving it to a registrar. HER LIFE NOW RUNS END TO END, closed 17 September. EMMA HULL DIED IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 1944, registered at Hitchin, aged eighty-five — five years after the register found her blind at Pix Road, and four years after the grandson she would have known as a boy was taken prisoner in the desert. Eighty-five years from Aldenham to Letchworth, two husbands buried, five children, and thirty miles.

George William Castle × Caroline Wallis Probable

he 1862–1916 · she b. 28 February 1863, d. 1957 — married October 1882, Hitchin

Willian → Norton End → Middle Row, Baldock

REGRADED 16 September from DOCUMENTED to PROBABLE, and the demotion is the point. The marriage, the nine children and the dates came from another researcher's tree, not from records this archive has read. WHAT IS DOCUMENTED, because the 1871 census was pulled and read here, is that a GEORGE CASTLE, 30, agricultural labourer, was living at Norton End as SON-IN-LAW to James Giddins with a son George, 8. WHAT IS NOT is the birthplace at Willian, the October 1882 marriage, and the nine children — all still one tree's word. The census also disagrees with that tree twice: it gives the boy's birthplace as BALDOCK, not Willian, and his birth year as 1863, not 1862. Under the ladder that is exactly what PROBABLE means — the evidence points one way and nothing points the other, but nobody has read the record that would settle it. The marriage certificate would. AND HER LATER LIFE IS NO LONGER A BLANK, found 17 September. SHE REMARRIED. Q3 1920 at Hitchin, vol 3A p2077: CAROLINE CASTLE married JAMES JAMES, four years after George William died. FROM 1920 SHE WAS CAROLINE JAMES, WHICH IS WHY NOBODY COULD FOLLOW HER — every tree that carries her as Caroline Wallis is hunting a death registered under another surname. The 1939 Register has her at 38 NORTON ROAD, BALDOCK, WIDOWED AGAIN at 76, RG101/1598B/017/25, AND IT GIVES HER EXACT DATE OF BIRTH: 28 FEBRUARY 1863, not the 1862 every secondary source repeats. She died in 1957, registered at Hitchin, as CAROLINE JAMES. AND THE 1921 CENSUS PROVES IT RATHER THAN INFERRING IT, found 17 September. There is no Caroline Castle in Hertfordshire in 1921 at all — she has gone out of the surname exactly when the index says she changed it. There is one CAROLINE JAMES: RG15 piece 7079, schedule 125, 9 BOSCOMBE PLACE, LETCHWORTH, 19 June 1921, wife of JAMES JAMES, born at WESTON, HERTFORDSHIRE. AND THE TWO CHILDREN IN THE HOUSE ARE ENUMERATED AS HIS STEP-CHILDREN AND CARRY THE SURNAME CASTLE: ERNEST ALBERT CYRIL CASTLE and FLORENCE MARGARITE HILDA CASTLE — the Ernest and Hilda of 1911, with their full names for the first time. A step-son in a census is a registrar's word for a remarriage, and it turns a GRO index line into a household. Her age is given as 56 years 4 months, which puts her birthday in FEBRUARY and so agrees with the 28th; the year is two out, and she is the one who said it. AND SHE HAD MOVED TO LETCHWORTH, which is where her daughter Martha Maud was raising the Wears.

William Wear Documented

b. c. 1823, Walworth, Surrey

Jamaica Road, Bermondsey

SADLER in 1851, harness maker by 1871 — the same trade, and the one his three eldest sons took up. In 1851 he heads a household at SALISBURY STREET, BERMONDSEY with his wife and two small boys; by 1871 he is at Jamaica Road with four sons, three of them at his own bench. HIS BIRTHPLACE IS GIVEN AS WALWORTH IN 1851 AND NEWINGTON IN 1871, which is not a contradiction — Walworth is a district inside Newington parish — but Walworth is the more precise and is where a baptism should be looked for.

Sarah Bloom Probable

b. c. 1822, Deptford, Kent

Jamaica Road, Bermondsey

HER BIRTHPLACE IS DISPUTED BETWEEN TWO CENSUSES AND THEY ARE NOT EVEN IN THE SAME COUNTY. The 1851 return gives DEPTFORD, KENT; the 1871 gives BERMONDSEY, SURREY. That is not a spelling variant. Her maiden name is not in either — a married woman's never is — and comes instead from her son Robert's birth registration, which gives the mother's maiden name as BLOOM, corroborated by a seventeen-year-old niece named SARAH ANN BLOOM, born YARMOUTH, NORFOLK, living in the house on census night 1871. WITH A NORFOLK NIECE AND TWO NORFOLK MARRIAGES IN THE INDEX, the Blooms may not be a London family at all. Marked probable rather than documented until one record settles where she was born.

John Hawkins Documented

b. c. 1820, Aldenham

The Red Lion Cottages, Aldenham

AGRICULTURAL LABOURER. Eight in the household in 1871, every one of them born in the same parish. *** HIS PARENTS ARE NAMED, 12 OCTOBER 2026: WILLIAM HAWKINS AND MARY APPLEYARD. *** Baptised at Aldenham in 1819, the only John the parish register offers in the window and the rest excluded on age, with his whole sibling set present from 1801. The 1841 census — which the work list had nominated as the instrument — could never have answered it: at twenty he was already boarding away from home, at Aldenham Checkers.

Emma Larkin Documented

b. 1822, Aldenham — baptised there the same year

The Red Lion Cottages, Aldenham

Her daughter Emma, twelve and a scholar in 1871, would marry in London, bury a husband there, and come home. CORRECTED 17 SEPTEMBER, AND THE ERROR WAS THIS ARCHIVE'S. A script that matched people BY NAME wrote the younger Emma's dates and history over this entry, because mother and daughter carry the same name and the code did not look at the generation. For part of a day this page said that a woman born about 1822 was born on 7 February 1859 and was blind at Letchworth in 1939. SHE IS THE MOTHER. The Pix Road entry belongs to her daughter, one row up. A match on a name is not a match on a person, which is the whole reason this archive keeps saying so about census indexes, and it said it while doing it. *** AND SHE HAS A MAIDEN NAME AT LAST, 12 OCTOBER 2026: SHE IS EMMA LARKIN. *** Banns at Aldenham on 18 SEPTEMBER 1842, John Hawkins and Emma Larkin, both resident in the parish — the only John-and-Emma pair among all 44 Hawkins marriage entries, and falling exactly where the baptism of their eldest, Robert, in 1843 said it had to. Her own baptism follows: ALDENHAM 1822, FATHER ROBERT, MOTHER MARY, the birth year matching the 1871 census to the year. SHE WAS CARRIED HERE AS “Emma Hawkins” FOR WEEKS, which is the married name, and the entry that warned about matching a name to a person was itself filed under one.

George Castle × Martha Giddings Documented

1840–1885 and 1841 — d. Q3 1863

Willian and Baldock, Hertfordshire

PROVED 16 September from the censuses themselves, having been taken on trust from another researcher's tree that morning. THE 1871 CENSUS AT NORTON END — RG10/1365 f.27 — has GEORGE CASTLE, 30, AGRICULTURAL LABOURER, ENUMERATED AS SON-IN-LAW in the house of James and Elizabeth Giddins, with his boy GEORGE CASTLE, 8, AS GRANDSON. Martha herself is not there; she had been dead eight years. BUT THE TWO RELATIONSHIPS ONLY WORK THROUGH HER, and they are the census's own words rather than a tree's. She died in the THIRD QUARTER of 1863 — Hitchin, volume 3A page 188 — and her son had been baptised that January, so she had something under a year with him, and her widower took the child to HER parents rather than his own.

James Giddins × Elizabeth Giddins Documented

both b. 1814–1815

9 Cottages at Norton End, Baldock

NEW ON 16 SEPTEMBER, and they are the reason this branch of the family stayed in Hertfordshire. He an AGRICULTURAL LABOURER born at Baldock; she born at Norton and, in 1871, doing PLATTING — straw-plaiting, the cottage industry that kept Hertfordshire women in work for a century. Found in both the 1861 census (RG9/816 f.69) and the 1871 (RG10/1365 f.27), at the same address a decade apart, with children George 1847, John 1849 and Emma 1855 — and, in 1871, a widowed son-in-law and a grandson who was not theirs to raise and whom they raised. WITHDRAWN THE SAME DAY, a sentence added here that said their daughter Emma was born on 7 February 1859. THAT IS EMMA HAWKINS OF ALDENHAM, A DIFFERENT WOMAN IN A DIFFERENT PARISH. The Emma in this house is EMMA GIDDINS, born about 1855 at Norton, and the only thing the two share is a forename. Two Emmas, forty miles and four years apart, and this archive joined them in one sentence without looking at either.

John Wear × Elizabeth · and the other elders above the line Probable

John and Elizabeth's children born 1820–1827 · the rest born c. 1790–1800

Newington, Surrey — and Bermondsey, Aldenham, Baldock

ANSWERED IN PART, 27 SEPTEMBER 2026. WILLIAM WEAR'S PARENTS HAVE NAMES: JOHN WEAR and ELIZABETH, of Newington in Surrey. Four of their children were baptised together at Newington on 10 APRIL 1833 — Matilda 1820, William 1823, Thomas 1825, Mary Ann 1827 — and Matilda and Thomas both give the mother as Elizabeth, which is what makes it a household rather than one index line that happens to match. HELD AS PROBABLE AND NOT DOCUMENTED, for three reasons stated on the Wear page: it is an INDEX of the register and not the register, so it carries no occupation; THE TRADE WAS THE LEVER THIS ARCHIVE NOMINATED and the index cannot pull it; and Newington had a second Wear household under a John Southey Wear, so a forename match there is not an identification. SARAH BLOOM'S PARENTS, THE ELDER HAWKINSES, CASTLES AND GIDDINGSES ARE ALL STILL UNKNOWN.

William Hawkins × Mary Appleyard · Robert Larkin × Mary Burch Probable

married at Aldenham 1800 and 1814

Aldenham, Hertfordshire

NEW ON 12 OCTOBER 2026, AND THE WHOLE GENERATION CAME OUT OF ONE PARISH REGISTER. William Hawkins and MARY APPLEYARD, banns 20 APRIL 1800, both of Aldenham — the only William-and-Mary pair among the 44 Hawkins entries, and their first child George is baptised in 1801 where an April 1800 marriage puts him. Robert Larkin and MARY BURCH, banns 16 JANUARY 1814, both of Aldenham — the only Robert-and-Mary pair among 30 Larkin entries, with Emma baptised to a Robert and a Mary eight years later. APPLEYARD and BURCH are surnames this archive has never held. *** HELD AS PROBABLE AND NOT DOCUMENTED, for two reasons that apply to all three marriages behind this row. *** EVERY ONE IS A BANNS ENTRY WITH AN EMPTY MARRIAGE-YEAR FIELD, and banns are the announcement on three Sundays, not the wedding; what supports each is a baptism to that couple in the same parish soon after. AND EACH IDENTIFICATION IS BEST-CANDIDATE: the register offers exactly one pair of the right names in the right window, which is a weaker thing than a document naming the person. One more trap measured on the way: THIS SET INDEXES EACH BANNS CALLING SEPARATELY, so one wedding appears two or three times under different record ids — counting entries is not counting marriages.

Jacob Leibholz Documented

b. 8 August 1884, Schubin · deported from Berlin to Auschwitz 26 February 1943; no death recorded

Schubin → Berlin → Auschwitz

KURT'S FATHER, AND SO DERRICK'S GRANDFATHER OF RECORD. Born at Schubin in Posen, a Kaufmann in Berlin, deported on the 30th Osttransport and murdered. THE ARCHIVE THAT CARRIES HIS NAME DOCUMENTS HIS MURDER IN MORE DETAIL THAN ANY OTHER DEATH IN IT.

Auguste (Lizzy) Luwinski Documented

b. 28 August 1893, Sauerbaum, Kreis Rössel · d. 22 June 1975, Kraichtal

East Prussia → Berlin → Kraichtal

KURT'S MOTHER — AND THE REASON THE NAME ON THIS ARCHIVE IS LUWINSKI AND NOT LEIBHOLZ. Kurt carried his mother's surname, not his father's; his brother Siegfried kept Leibholz. A Catholic East Prussian name on a half-Jewish child in Nazi Berlin is not a clerical accident. SHE DIVORCED JACOB ON 21 MARCH 1940 — Landgericht Berlin 251. R. 80. 40, noted in the margin of their own marriage entry — and outlived him by thirty-two years. She married PAUL HEINRICH BERNHARD FRICKE after it, and died under his name.

Paul Heinrich Bernhard Fricke

b. 15 April 1887, Magdeburg-Buckau · d. 31 January 1946, Sommerfeld

Magdeburg → Berlin → Sommerfeld

AUGUSTE'S SECOND HUSBAND, AND NO RELATION TO ANYONE ELSE ON THIS CHART. He is here because he is the answer to a question the archive kept being asked and kept half-answering: Auguste died at Kraichtal in 1975 as AUGUSTE FRICKE, and this is the man whose name that was. NOT DERRICK'S BLOOD AND NOT DERRICK'S UPBRINGING — he is on the chart as a fact about her life, not as an ancestor. THE MARRIAGE ITSELF HAS NEVER BEEN FOUND, and until 29 September 2026 it had no window at all. It now has one: NOT BEFORE 21 MARCH 1940, the day her divorce from Jacob became final, and NOT AFTER 31 JANUARY 1946, the day he died of cancer. Everything about him comes from the family record and none of it from a document this archive has read.

Sally Leibholz × Friederike Schmul Documented

he b. 7 July 1847, Hammerstein · she b. about 1854, Schubin — married Schubin 24 December 1874

Hammerstein and Schubin

JACOB'S PARENTS. Their marriage entry of 24 December 1874 is the oldest document this archive holds on this line and the one that has been read most often — it gives his age, his birthplace, his trade, and the names of both sets of parents below.

Joachim Luwinski × Johanna Thimm Documented

he b. 21 October 1865, Allenstein · she b. 25 March 1871, Sauerbaum · d. 30 October 1955

Allenstein and Kreis Rössel, East Prussia

AUGUSTE'S PARENTS, and the source of the surname Derrick carries. A Landwirt at Allenstein and a woman from a village in Kreis Rössel. THEIR MARRIAGE IS STILL UNFOUND — the one line that would name Joachim's own parents.

Jacob Leibholz the elder × H—— née Pollnow Probable

both living at Hammerstein in 1874 · no dates established

Hammerstein, Kreis Schlochau

SALLY'S PARENTS, named in his marriage entry of 1874: 'Sohn des Kaufmann Jacob Leibholz und der H—— geb. Pollnow'. HER GIVEN NAME IS AN INITIAL BECAUSE THAT IS ALL THE PAGE YIELDS — read against the registrar's own capitals on 27 September 2026, which rule out both this archive's earlier Wilhelmine and the portal index's Philipine. The surname POLLNOW survives a test against a list of German-Jewish names; the forename does not survive the handwriting.

Juda Schmul × Jutta née Machol Probable

at Schubin in 1874 · no dates established

Schubin, Posen

FRIEDERIKE'S PARENTS, from the same 1874 entry. HE KEPT AN INN — 'Gastwirth', read for this archive by an archivist at Bydgoszcz who holds the book. Her forename and maiden name are read three ways by three readers: Jette Machot by the portal's volunteer index, Jette née Muschll on a related card, JUTTA NÉE MACHOL by the archivist with the original in front of her. Machol against Machot is one terminal letter in a Kurrent hand.

Heinrich Leibholz × Agnes née Kerger Documented

He b. 16 October 1890, Berlin · d. 9 August 1948, Kreuzberg · She b. 10 March 1889, Mallmitz, Kreis Sprottau, Silesia · her death not established

Leinestraße 32, Neukölln → Mehringdamm 109, Kreuzberg

THE ONLY COMPLETE HOUSEHOLD OF THE SEVEN, AND THE CONTROL CASE THIS WHOLE CHART LEANS ON. Heinrich vanishes from the Berliner Adressbuch after 1942 and DID NOT DIE UNTIL 1948 — which is why no absence from a directory is ever read here as a death. His death is now in the register in its own hand: STERBEREGISTER KREUZBERG 1948 NR. 2493, read at the image. HE LIVED IN NEUKÖLLN AND DIED IN KREUZBERG; Neukölln's own 1948 index was read page by page and is correctly empty, because a death registers where it happens. AGNES is the "Aryan" wife of a Mischehe — her 1939 census card, VZ153403, grades her NNNN, four non-Jewish grandparents — and she is in a database of the persecuted only by marriage, which is why every instrument that finds this family's dead slides past her. She lived at Mehringdamm until 1979-80 and WHERE SHE DIED IS NOT KNOWN: all twelve West Berlin boroughs are read for 1967-1994 and she is in none of them. NO RELATION TO JACOB HAS BEEN SHOWN.

Ella Josephine Martha Leibholz née Baesler Probable

d. 22 June 1974, Tiergarten

Dominicusstraße 43 → Willmanndamm 3, Schöneberg

STERBEREGISTER TIERGARTEN 1974 NR. 1160, read at the image — THE DEATH IS CERTAIN. What is PROBABLE and not proved is that she is the Ella Leibholz who is a KRANKENSCHWESTER in the Berlin directories from 1938 to 1970. The join is a surname, a forename and a four-year gap, with Schöneberg's own twenty-five volumes for 1970-1994 read out and empty. One certificate decides it.

Charlotte Herta Marie Leibholz née Schötzow Probable

d. 14 January 1982, Tempelhof

Hasenheide 61–62, Neukölln

STERBEREGISTER TEMPELHOF 1982 NR. 161, read at the image. CANDIDATE for the Charlotte Leibholz of the Hasenheide, in the directories 1957 to 1967, with Neukölln's own registers read out for 1967-1992 and empty. THE WEAKEST OF THE THREE: the gap is fifteen years. And she was nearly lost altogether — the OCR mangled her surname to "LEibhOo1z" and swept it onto the row above, so a search for the literal string would have walked past her.

Hilde Henriette Leibholz Probable

d. 7 February 1983, Wilmersdorf

Wiesbadener Straße 57, Wilmersdorf

STERBEREGISTER WILMERSDORF 1983 NR. 304, read at the image. THE STRONGEST OF THE THREE AND THE ONLY ONE WHO DIED IN THE BOROUGH SHE LIVED IN — nine consecutive telephone books at Wiesbadener Straße 57 to 1980-81, and a gap of about two years. No "geb." on the entry, so LEIBHOLZ WAS HER OWN NAME.

Hertha Leibholz, divorced Katznol Inferred

d. 1983, Zehlendorf

Zehlendorf

*** NOT CONFIRMED AT THE IMAGE. *** Found in the TEXT LAYER only: Zehlendorf 1983, P Rep. 721 Nr. 2767 p.80, "Leibholz gesch. Katznol Hertha … 2733". Geschieden means divorced, so Leibholz is most likely her own name and Katznol the marriage she left. The exact day is not read and the entry has not been opened at the page. ON THE CHART AS A LEAD, NOT AS A FINDING.

Gerda Felicitas Bade née Leibholz Inferred

d. 15 February 1993, Wilmersdorf

Wilmersdorf

*** NOT CONFIRMED AT THE IMAGE. *** Text layer of Wilmersdorf 1993, entered twice as the series always enters a married woman — "Bade geb. Leibholz" and "Leibholz", the same number from two unrelated positions, Nr. 312. SHE WAS BORN A LEIBHOLZ AND MARRIED OUT, which makes her the most valuable of the seven and the only one pointing UPWARD: she had Leibholz parents in Berlin within living memory, and the marriage that made her a Bade would name her father.